Dando uma googada https://iep.utm.edu/truth/ There are two commonly accepted constraints on truth and falsehood: Every proposition is true or false. [Law of the Excluded Middle.] No proposition is both true and false. [Law of Non-contradiction.] What is the difference between a truth-maker and a truth bearer? Truth-bearers are either true or false; truth-makers are not since, not being representations, they cannot be said to be true, nor can they be said to be false . That's a second difference. Truth-bearers are 'bipolar,' either true or false; truth-makers are 'unipolar': all of them obtain. What are considered truth bearers? A variety of truth bearers are considered – statements, beliefs, claims, assumptions, hypotheses, propositions, sentences, and utterances . When I speak of a fact . . . I mean the kind of thing that makes a proposition true or false. (Russe...