Na palestra do Giancarlo no SBBD 2023 ele comentou que uma das primeiras definições sobre Knowledge Graphs veio da Universidade de Twente (onde ele está lecionando / pesquisando atualmente) Encontrei no Survey sobre Definições de KG o seguinte trecho: In the 1980s , researchers from the University of Groningen and the University of Twente in the Netherlands initially introduced the term knowledge graph to formally describe their knowledge-based system that integrates knowledge from different sources for representing natural language [10, 15]. The authors proposed KGs with a limited set of relations and focus on qualitative modeling including human interaction, which clearly contrasts with the idea of KGs that has been widely discussed in recent years. Survey : Towards a Definition of Knowledge Graphs. Lisa Ehrlinger and Wolfram Wöß. Institute for Application Oriented Knowledge Processing. Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria [10] P. James. Knowledge Graphs. In Linguistic. Ins...
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Elisa F. Kendall and Deborah L. McGuinness. Ontology Engineering. Morgan and Claypool, 2019. Definition 12.1: A competency question is a (usually application-related) question towards the KG that is formalised in a query language, together with a formal specification of how an acceptable answer may look. Competency questions focus on functional metrics: • coverage/completeness (but cannot check all cases) • correctness • accessibility (using query answering software) They can be used in several situations: • To define the initial scope (requirements) of a new KG project • To formalise data modelling decisions (how should knowledge be encoded to be accessible) • For regression testing (ensure that KG does not break in the future) Competency questions take a content-oriented view (application- and domain-specific), but the approach can be generalised to set up unit testing: • Define a test suite of queries + (constraints on) expected answers • Automatically run queries to detect problems...
DA COSTA, Francisca Jamires; AVILA, Caio Viktor S.; ROLIM, Tulio Vidal; ANDRADE, Rossana Maria de Castro; VIDAL, Vânia Maria Ponte. DIKW4IoT: Uma abordagem baseada na hierarquia DIKW para a construção de grafos de conhecimento para integração de dados de IoT. In : SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE BANCO DE DADOS (SBBD), 37. , 2022, Búzios. Anais [...]. Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2022 . p. 190-202. ISSN 2763-8979. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbbd.2022.224648 . Segundo a hierarquia DIKW os dados podem ser classificados como dado, informação , conhecimento e sabedoria durante o seu ciclo de vida. DIKW ( Data- Information-Knowledge-Wisdom ) [Van Meter 2020]. Uma observaçã o de um sensor corresponde a um valor lido e uma anotação tem poral. Sem a associaçã o de dados que permitam sua identificação e contexto, estes dados nã o possuem um valor significativo. Alé m do que os dados de sensores apresentam heterogeneidade si...
Contextualized Ontologies (CO) O exemplo referente a aplicação Iot é parecido com o exemplo do ponto de ebulição da água do CKG pois parte da localização do usuário para realizar a tarefa. Podemos supor que ele irá ferver a água no mesmo lugar onde ele faz a busca e a aplicação de busca poderia assumir o contexto default como localização do usuário caso outro contexto não seja explicitamente informado na query. O esquema do CKG permite definir contexto default no KG ou na aplicação através de regras semânticas e pode usar informações do ambiente. Este contexto seria usado para completar a consulta do usuário. Na {Best/All} Possible Answer esta "completação" de contexto se torna explícita. A definição de Contexto em CO me parece mais geral do que a que estamos usando para o CKG e Dual OWA: (1) The algebra of contextualized ontologies is designed for ...
I. Cafezeiro, E. H. Haeusler and A. Rademaker, "Ontology and Context," 2008 Sixth Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom) , Hong Kong, China, 2008, pp. 417-422, doi: 10.1109/PERCOM.2008.21. 1 Contextualized Entities Entities are described by three parts: the entity itself, a context, and a link between the entity and its context. As both entity and context are ontologies, an entity can be the context of other entity. The context, gives general information about the entity or about the environment wherein the entity operates. Any context is linked to a (meta)context. The link between the entity and its context, plays the role of ensuring that the entity and its context are coherent, that is, the context respects (preserves) information concerning the nature of the entity. [No KG o contexto também é parte do grafo, não é outro grafo que está linkado. Para as alegações o contexto são os qualificadores, pelo menos um subconjunto de...
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=a5db01c09691ef6da94774aedb7aca037c0fcbff Cafezeiro, I., Haeusler, E.H.: Semantic interoperability via category theory. In: Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology, vol. 83 (2006) Abstract The paper uses categorical limit and colimit to define operations of breaking and composing ontologies, formalizing usual concepts in ontologies (alignment, merge, integration, matching) and proposing a new operation (the hide operation). 1 Introduction In addition, restrictions are stated by the use of logical axioms given in some expressive language whose model-theoretic semantics provides meaning. [Além de classes e propriedades Ontologias também tem regras mas não fala de instâncias] Category Theory is an appropriate formal framework. First of all, because of the focus that is put in relationship (categorical morphisms) and not in entities (categorical object). In agreement with (i), entities are describe...
Fonte: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/abduction/ In the philosophical literature, the term “ abduction ” is used in two related but different senses. In both senses, the term refers to some form of explanatory reasoning . However, in the historically first sense, it refers to the place of explanatory reasoning in generating hypotheses, while in the sense in which it is used most frequently in the modern literature it refers to the place of explanatory reasoning in justifying hypotheses. In the latter sense, abduction is also often called “ Inference to the Best Explanation. ” [Definição moderna: justificar hipóteses. Inferir a Melhor Explicação] Most philosophers agree that abduction (in the sense of Inference to the Best Explanation) is a type of inference that is frequently employed, in some form or other, both in everyday and in scientific reasoning. [Usada tanto no dia a dia quanto na própria ciência] The type of inference exhibited here is called abduction or, somewhat more c...
Boland, K., Fafalios, P., Tchechmedjiev, A., Todorov, K., & Dietze, S. (2019). Modeling and Contextualizing Claims. BlockSW/CKG@ISWC. Abstract. Understanding societal debates on the Web and how they are impacted by the spread of biased narratives and falsehoods are becoming increasingly important issues. The notion of a claim is central in a number of related studies into fake-news propagation or computational fact-checking. While the understanding of this notion varies from one field to another, there are few studies that have focused on the conceptual modeling of claims and their context. We attempt to contribute to this area by proposing a novel conceptual model for claims and related notions, such as attitudes, reviews and annotations, that aims to take into consideration the claims inherent complexity, distinguishing between their meaning, linguistic representation and context. [Modelagem das Alegações e do Contexto associado] We provide an example of an implementation of this...